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Roof Support Systems - Adobe. Longwall Top Coal Caving The Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) roof support allows mining to a total seam height of more than 10 m (33 ft) by using a longwall shearer to cut the bottom 2.80 – 3 m (9.20 – 9.80 ft) and then caving the top coal .
equipment for a Longwall Top Coal Caving face. Photo courtesy of Joy Manufacturing Company Pty Ltd A brief description of longwall top coal caving (LTCC) is included at the end of the Longwall section of the Fundamentals of Coal Mining module of this web site.
When the top coal caving method was initially employed at Broadmeadow it was the company's first mine in Queensland to use it. Employing this method was expected to lift recoveries from around 60% to 90% in the Goonyella Middle Seam and increase production rates, it said in a 2013 briefing.
Yancoal introduced the Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) mining technology to Australia at its Austar mine in 2006. Developed in China, top coal caving uses a modified long wall mining system. LTCC allows the excavation of thick coal seams of 5 to 12 metres at one pass of the longwall machine, generating high productivity and economic returns for ...
A good understanding of the caving mechanisms of loose top-coal is significant for longwall top-coal caving (LTCC) mining. In this paper, the equations of the particle motion, top-coal boundary, and drawing body were derived based on the stochastic medium theory. Then, the particles moving boundary and the shape of the top-coal loss were discussed, and the dynamic evolvement of the top-coal ...
Fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height is the main mining method for extra-thick coal seam.Howeveras the hight of coal cutting and coal caving increasesprominent problems such as severe mine pressurebehavioursevere rib spalling in working facelow top coal recovery rate and high gas emission rate and so on emerge.
1. Coal loss occuring during the production of the top coal (20 to 30 %) 2. The coal left behind the face poses danger of spontaneous combustion. 3. Poor face alignment may not only cause face roof control problems but also affect the top coal caving process 4. Floor heave behind the rear AFC is likely.
May 14, 2019· The Broadmeadow mine was started using a longwall to extract coal at 4.7 m (15 ft) leaving the top section of the seam to fall into the gob. The adjacent open-cut mine has been mining the full seam section for more than 30 years, investigations and evaluations were made into the Top Coal Caving method and its suitability for the operation.
The disadvantages of top coal caving are that the recovery rate of top coal at both ends of the face is very low and the coal left in the gob is the source for spontaneous combustion. Therefore, the ultra-thick whole seam one slice longwall mining was developed to increase the recovery rate and safety of ultra-thick coal seams in 2009.
Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) is a special designed longwall mining method for very thick seams (thickness is more than 4.5m) where good quality coal is being left because "conventional" longwall equipment has not yet been designed to operate successfully beyond around 5m mining height.
Apr 30, 2015· Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) roof supports allow mining of seams seams thicker than 6 meters (20 feet). Following a conventional cut with a shearer to about 3 m (9.8 ft) the roof supports ...
the top-coal caving are hard or even impossible to obtain. This is one of the key issues for automating the windows actions. For this reason, at present, the research of top-coal caving focuses on optimizing the process technology and most of it usd 2D simulation based on .
Figure 1 Top coal caving mechanism used in COSFLOW simulation . The in-situ stresses should be considered properly to asses the risk and efficiency of a modern day longwall mine. In addition, the stresses released and breakage mechanism of top coal should also be considered for a Top coal Bottom coal step n step n -1
Viewpoint Mining Magazine - Longwall Top-Coal Caving How It WorksAutonomous OperationLTCC Around The WorldA Productive Alternative In traditional longwall mining, the shearer travels along the face of the coal seam, cutting as it goes and dropping coal onto an armored face conveyor (AFC) that carries it to a belt or crusher. When a cut is complete, the whole system moves forward one step at a ...
Using standard longwall equipment, annual production can reach 3 million metric tons (Mt), and a maximum of 4.1 Mt has been obtained; many top-coal caving longwall working faces can obtain 200 tons per man-shift. Longwall top-coal caving is distinctly different from slice mining in thicken seam. Concerns of safety and productivity
The preferred mining method for these thick coal seams is the Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC). The connection of both the top coal caving and its compactness are still rare; therefore, the capability of top coal caving mechanism is the most significant factor in .
Oct 01, 2019· 1. Introduction. In China, the reserve and production of thick seam coals accounts for 45% of underground coal resources and production, and the longwall top-coal caving technique (LTCC) is one of the major mining methods used to extract thick coal seams.1, 2, 3 The technique was first applied in the 1940s in Russia and subsequently used in France, former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, .
Jul 21, 2015· Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively .
stress state of the mining roadway in the soft roof–coal–floor coal seams' fully mechanized top coal caving face of Dananhu No. 1 coal mine to carry out on-site monitoring and calculation ...
Equipment Innovations The LTCC for Austar not only was the first new generation top coal caving face but also had a number of Australian first and world first innovations. DBT was assigned a single contract in which it coordinated all sub-contractors which included the pump station and electrical system.
Nov 01, 2017· Longwall Top Coal Caving was initially developed in the former Soviet Union and France in the 1950s and 1960s. It was then applied in the former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, the former Czechoslovakia and Turkey,, .The 'Soutirage' method which was developed in France in the 1960s is considered as the original form of LTCC .The system includes a conventional longwall face operating .
Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6–1.0 m (2 ft 0 in–3 ft 3 in) thick). The longwall panel (the block of coal that is being mined) is typically 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) long and 250–400 m (820–1,310 ft) wide.
Longwall Top Coal Caving. Longwall top coal caving (LTCC) is a special type of longwall mining applicable to very thick seams (greater than 4.5m) where good quality coal is being left because "conventional" longwall equipment has not yet been designed to .
Introduction. In China, coal is the main energy source, accounting for about 70% of primary energy production and consumption 1, 2.Since top coal caving mining method has the advantage of high-production, high-efficiency, low development ratio, and low-coast, it has developed rapidly in the past two decades and become the most extensively used mining method in China 3 – 7.
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